ABSTRACT
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by photosensitizers loaded in nanostructures as solid lipid nanoparticles has been pinpointed as an effective and safe treatment against different skin cancers. Amazon butters have an interesting lipid composition when it comes to forming solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). In the present report, a new third-generation photosensitizing system consisting of aluminum-phthalocyanine associated with Amazon butter-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-AlPc) is described. The SLN was developed using murumuru butter, and a monodisperse population of nanodroplets with a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 40 nm was obtained. The study of the permeation of these AlPc did not permeate the analyzed skin, but when incorporated into the system, SLN-AlPc allowed permeation of almost 100% with 8 h of contact. It must be emphasized that SLN-AlPc was efficient for carrying aluminum-phthalocyanine photosensitizers and exhibited no toxicity in the dark. Photoactivated SLN-AlPc exhibited a 50% cytotoxicity concentration (IC50) of 19.62 nM when applied to B16-F10 monolayers, and the type of death caused by the treatment was apoptosis. The exposed phospholipid phosphatidylserine was identified, and the treatment triggered a high expression of Caspase 3. A stable Amazon butter-based SLN-AlPc formulation was developed, which exhibits strong in vitro photodynamic activity on melanoma cells.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the factors that influence nurses' decision-making process in Ibero-American university hospitals. METHOD: a case study with a qualitative approach and of the multicenter type, carried out with 30 Ibero-American nurses. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed by thematic categories and interpreted according to the theoretical framework of Creating Effective Organizations. RESULTS: it was identified that the decision-making process permeates the development of nurses' own competencies, suffering influences from health management training and previous individual experiences. The following categories emerged: Technical-scientific preparation in decision-making; Hierarchization of the decision-making process; and Autonomous professional practice. CONCLUSION: the absence/presence of a rigid hierarchy, as well as technical-scientific preparation and autonomy, are factors that limit or expand the range of possibilities in nurses' decision-making, with consequences in care management. Thus, discussions about this theme should be encouraged, in order to promote nurses' autonomy for decision-making and favor a reduction of bureaucracy in the processes that prevent/hinder advances in these services.
Subject(s)
Nurses , Decision Making , Hospitals, University , Humans , Qualitative Research , United StatesABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas sobre a aplicação dos conceitos das disciplinas da aprendizagem organizacional de Peter Senge para o desenvolvimento de enfermeiros líderes em ambiente hospitalar. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada mediante busca nas bases de dados Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online Citation Index e Scopus. Resultados: foram identificadas 616 produções e incluídas no estudo oito. Evidenciou-se um hiato na produção de conhecimentos sobre a aplicação desses conceitos para o desenvolvimento de enfermeiros líderes. Caracterizado por pesquisas produzidas em uma ampla variedade de países, em inglês e português do Brasil. Identificado o uso dessa contribuição teórica como recurso de aprendizagem organizacional para a área da saúde e Enfermagem, orientado para a melhoria do ambiente laboral nos serviços e no hospital, bem como integrador das equipes. Conclusões: a investigação possibilitou a ampliação do conhecimento científico na área da saúde e Enfermagem a respeito do emprego dos conceitos da aprendizagem organizacional de Peter Senge na área da saúde e Enfermagem. Apresentados como avanços para o desenvolvimento da liderança, contributos para o despertar de um novo olhar para o preparo, capacitação e qualificação profissional, de modo a incentivar a mudança de comportamento e dos cenários de atuação mediante ações voltadas para a prestação de uma assistência segura e de qualidade. Recomenda-se uma investigação aprofundada acerca dessa temática, dada a relevância da liderança, considerada uma das competências gerenciais essenciais para o desempenho do enfermeiro durante o exercício do trabalho nos serviços de saúde e, mais especificamente, no hospital.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica sobre la aplicación de los conceptos de las disciplinas de aprendizaje organizacional de Peter Senge para el desarrollo de los líderes de enfermería en un entorno hospitalario. Método: revisión integradora, realizada mediante búsqueda en las bases de datos: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online Citation Index e Scopus. Resultados: se identificaron 616 producciones y se incluyeron ocho en el estudio. Se evidenció un vacío en la producción de conocimientos sobre la aplicación de estos conceptos para el desarrollo de los enfermeros líderes. Se caracteriza por la investigación producida en una gran variedad de países, en inglés y portugués brasileño. Identificó el uso de esta aportación teórica como recurso de aprendizaje organizativo para el área de la salud y la Enfermería, orientado a la mejora del ambiente laboral en los servicios y en el hospital, así como a la integración de los equipos. Conclusiones: la investigación permitió ampliar el conocimiento científico en el área de la salud y la Enfermería en cuanto al uso de los conceptos de aprendizaje organizacional de Peter Senge en el área de la salud y la enfermería. Se presentan como avances para el desarrollo del liderazgo, aportes para el despertar de una nueva mirada en la preparación, formación y capacitación profesional, con el fin de incentivar el cambio de comportamiento y los escenarios de actuación a través de acciones orientadas a brindar una atención segura y de calidad. Se recomienda una investigación para profundizar en este tema, dada la relevancia del liderazgo, que se considera una de las competencias directivas esenciales para el desempeño de las enfermeras durante su trabajo en los servicios de salud y, más concretamente, en los hospitales.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence on the application of the concepts of Peter Senge's organizational learning disciplines to the development of nurse leaders in a hospital environment. Method: integrative review, carried out by searching the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online Citation Index and Scopus databases. Results: 616 productions were identified and eight were included in the study. There was a gap in the production of knowledge about the application of these concepts for the development of nurse leaders. Characterized by research produced in a wide variety of countries, in English and Brazilian Portuguese. The use of this theoretical contribution was identified as an organizational learning resource for the area of health and Nursing, aimed at improving the work environment in services and in the hospital, as well as integrating teams. Conclusions: the investigation made it possible to expand scientific knowledge in the area of health and Nursing regarding the use of Peter Senge's organizational learning concepts in the area of health and Nursing. Presented as advances for the development of leadership, contributions to the awakening of a new look at the preparation, training and professional qualification, in order to encourage behavior, change and action scenarios through actions aimed at providing safe and Of Quality. An in-depth investigation on this topic is recommended, given the relevance of leadership, considered one of the essential managerial competences for the performance of nurses during their work in health services and, more specifically, in the hospital.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Services Administration , Occupational Health , Nurse's Role , Professional Training , Leadership , Learning , Working Conditions , Health Resources/organization & administration , Health Services/supply & distribution , HospitalsABSTRACT
Mass testing for the diagnosis of COVID-19 has been hampered in many countries owing to the high cost of genetic material detection. This study reports on a low-cost immunoassay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 within 30 min using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The immunosensor comprises 50-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, whose bioconjugation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS). The specific binding of the bioconjugates to the spike protein led to an increase in bioconjugate size, with a limit of detection (LOD) 5.29 × 103 TCID50/mL (Tissue Culture Infectious Dose). The immunosensor was also proven to be selective upon interaction with influenza viruses once no increase in size was observed after DLS measurement. The strategy proposed here aimed to use antibodies conjugated to AuNPs as a generic platform that can be extended to other detection principles, enabling technologies for low-cost mass testing for COVID-19.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , COVID-19 , Metal Nanoparticles , Biosensing Techniques/methods , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19 Testing , Dynamic Light Scattering , Gold/chemistry , Humans , Immunoassay/methods , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , SARS-CoV-2 , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , Viral ProteinsABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo: analisar os fatores que influenciam o processo decisório de enfermeiros em hospitais universitários ibero-americanos. Método: estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo multicêntrico, realizado com 30 enfermeiros ibero-americanos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisados por categorias temáticas e interpretados de acordo com o referencial teórico da obra Criando Organizações Eficazes. Resultados: identificou-se que o processo decisório permeia o desenvolvimento de competências próprias dos enfermeiros, sofrendo influências da formação em gestão em saúde e de experiências individuais prévias. Emergiram as categorias: Preparo técnico-científico na tomada de decisão; Hierarquização do processo decisório; e Prática profissional autônoma. Conclusão: a ausência/presença de rígida hierarquização, bem como de preparo técnico-científico, e a autonomia são fatores que limitam ou ampliam a gama de possibilidades na tomada de decisão de enfermeiros, com reflexos na gestão do cuidado. Assim, discussões acerca dessa temática devem ser fomentadas, no intuito de promover a autonomia dos enfermeiros para a tomada de decisão e favorecer a desburocratização dos processos que impedem/dificultam os avanços nesses serviços.
Abstract Objective: to analyze the factors that influence nurses' decision-making process in Ibero-American university hospitals. Method: a case study with a qualitative approach and of the multicenter type, carried out with 30 Ibero-American nurses. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed by thematic categories and interpreted according to the theoretical framework of Creating Effective Organizations. Results: it was identified that the decision-making process permeates the development of nurses' own competencies, suffering influences from health management training and previous individual experiences. The following categories emerged: Technical-scientific preparation in decision-making; Hierarchization of the decision-making process; and Autonomous professional practice. Conclusion: the absence/presence of a rigid hierarchy, as well as technical-scientific preparation and autonomy, are factors that limit or expand the range of possibilities in nurses' decision-making, with consequences in care management. Thus, discussions about this theme should be encouraged, in order to promote nurses' autonomy for decision-making and favor a reduction of bureaucracy in the processes that prevent/hinder advances in these services.
Resumen Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en el proceso de toma de decisiones de los enfermeros en hospitales universitarios iberoamericanos. Método: estudio de caso, con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo multicéntrico, realizado con 30 enfermeros iberoamericanos. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizados por categorías temáticas e interpretados según el marco teórico de la obra Diseño de Organizaciones Eficientes. Resultados: se identificó que el proceso de toma de decisiones permea el desarrollo de las competencias de los enfermeros, se ve influenciado por la formación en gestión en salud y las experiencias individuales previas. Surgieron las siguientes categorías: Preparación técnico-científica en la toma de decisiones; Jerarquización del proceso de toma de decisiones; y Ejercicio profesional autónomo. Conclusión: la ausencia/presencia de una jerarquización rígida, así como la preparación técnico-científica y la autonomía son factores que limitan o amplían el abanico de posibilidades en la toma de decisiones de los enfermeros, que se reflejan en la gestión del cuidado. Por lo tanto, hay que incentivar las discusiones sobre este tema, con el fin de promover la autonomía de los enfermeros para la toma de decisiones y favorecer la reducción de la burocracia en los procesos que impiden/dificultan el avance de estos servicios.
